Unique traditional cultural values ​​of the Xo Dang ethnic group

The Xo-dang people have long lived in the Central Highlands. During the process of formation and development, the Xo-dang people also preserved many unique traditional cultural values.  Let's go togetheriguide.aiFind out information about the Xo-dang ethnic group, Vietnam!

1. Historical origin

- The Xo-dang people have a very long history of living in the Northern Central Highlands. Around the years 1855-1885, when the French tried to consolidate the government in Indochina and when there was chaos among the mountain tribes, the Xo-Dang people expanded their living territory to other tribes. Lost neighbors.

- Xo-dang ethnic group, also known as Xo Dang, Ca Dong, Ca Dong, To-dra, Hdang, Manam, Ha Lang, Ka Rang, Bri La Teng, Con Lan.

2. Geographical distribution:The Xo-dang people are one of 12 local ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, residing mainly in Kon Tum province and partly in Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Dak Lak and Gia Lai provinces...

3. Population and language:

- Population: According to survey data of 53 ethnic minorities on April 1, 2019, the total population of Xo-Dang people: 212,277 people; Male population: 104,513 people; Female population: 107,764 people; Household size: 4.3 people/household; Proportion of population living in rural areas: 93.7%.

- Language: The Xo-dang ethnic group uses Xo-dang - a language belonging to the Mon - Khmer group (South Asian language family), close to Hre, Ba Na, Gie Trieng. The Xo-Dang people also have writing based on the Latin alphabet, a new writing system that was formed several decades ago.

4. Main characteristics

- Traditional social institutions: Xo-dang people live together in villages (ploi). Each traditional village includes many long roofs where many generations of Xo-dang families live together. The head of the village is the village elder - the person who runs all common activities in the village and is the representative of the villagers. People in a village always support and help each other, so in a Xo-dang village it is rare to see a case where one person is hungry while another's granary is full.

In terms of family, the Xo-dang people are divided into large families (On vêă): usually consisting of many couples and their descendants of the same bloodline living together under one long house, and small families. Family (Kla on vêă): consists of 2-3 generations living together.

- Religion and beliefs: The Xo-dang people follow polytheistic beliefs because of the concept that all things are animistic, that is, everything has a soul. In addition to the spirit world, the Xo-dang people also believe that each person has three types of soul: The soul is always with the body, both in life and in death; Mhoa plo's soul often wanders here and there, so it is often bullied by ghosts and makes people sick; The third spirit is mhoa mngo mquang, who often lives in termite nests, from which there are many related rituals.

- Costume: Xo-dang women wear shirts (ao goh), skirts (ktac), and shawl (shoulder scarf). Men wear a scarf (moon) or a loincloth (kpen tich).

- Cuisine: The main food source of the Xo-dang people is rice, including regular rice, sticky rice and sticky rice. On the first occasions of the year, when worshiping to repair water troughs, worshiping communal houses or when hunting big animals, Xo-dang people gather in communal houses to eat a meal together. Food at this time is mainly rice and meat.

- Education: According to survey data of 53 ethnic minorities on April 1, 2019: the rate of people aged 15 and older who can read and write general education is 76.9%, the rate of people attending primary school is 100.7 %, the rate of people attending middle school is 85.1%, the rate of people attending high school is 35.7%, the rate of out-of-school children is 19.1%.

- Musical instruments: The musical instruments of the Xo-dang people are very diverse, including many different types such as the t'rung, the lo le flute or the ga vo, the clapping flute, the brung, or the brooc tru...

- Festivals: Xo-dang people have many festivals during the year, such as: Buffalo Stabbing Ceremony (Ka Po); New rice ceremony; Water trough worshiping ceremony;... In particular, the New Year Festival is the big festival of the year for the Xo-dang people to summarize the harvest after a farming season, and also to thank the Giang (gods) for the harvest. bumper membrane.

5. Economic conditions

-A part of the Xo-dang people know how to grow wet rice, typically the Mnam group, but follow primitive methods such as tilling the land by herding buffaloes... Slash-and-burn farming still plays a key role in the economic activities of the people. Xo-dang people, with rudimentary farming methods such as: poking holes to plant seeds, use sharpened sticks or sticks with iron blades; weeding with a small hoe with a handle taken from a tree fork and a scraper with a blade bent to one side; When harvesting, you use your hands to thresh the rice. In addition to rice, Xo Dang people also grow millet, corn, cassava, gourds, squash, tobacco, melons, pineapples, bananas, sugarcane...

- Xo-dang people also know how to weave and forge (developed in the To Dra group). In some places, the Xo-dang people know how to pan for placer gold. Weaving is also developed in the Xo-dang community. Nowadays, people also know how to use money as a medium of exchange.

- According to survey data of 53 ethnic minorities on April 1, 2019: Xo-dang ethnic group has: Unemployment rate 0.66%; Percentage of trained workers with degrees and certificates: 4.3%; Proportion of workers working in the non-agricultural sector: 4.8%; Proportion of employees working in management or technical expertise at high and middle levels: 1.7%; Poverty rate: 44.9%; Rate of near-poor households: 9.8%; Percentage of households using hygienic water sources: 66.5%; Percentage of households using grid electricity for lighting: 93.4%.

Above is some interesting information about the Xo-dang ethnic group, Vietnam. Let's plan with iguide.ai to explore, meet and experience culture with the Xo-dang people in the near future. okay!

Source:
- Ethnic groups in Vietnam (Truth National Political Publishing House)
- Basic characteristics of 54 ethnic minorities in 2019 (Committee for Ethnic Minorities and General Statistics Office)
- Website of the Committee for Ethnic Minorities, Website of Nhan Dan Newspaper
- Results of the survey collecting information on the socio-economic status of 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam)