Complex of Hue Monuments

Hue Monuments Complex or Hue Ancient Capital Architectural Complex are historical and cultural relics built by the Nguyen Dynasty during the period from the early 19th century to the first half of the 20th century in the economic area. ancient capital Hue; Now belongs to Hue city and some surrounding areas of Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Most of these relics are now under the management of the Hue Monuments Conservation Center and were recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage on December 11, 1993. Currently, the ancient capital of Hue has been preserved. The Prime Minister of Vietnam included in the list of 62 especially important national monuments. 

The complex of Hue Monuments can be divided into clusters of works, including clusters of works outside the Hue Citadel and within the Hue Citadel. Hue Citadel was surveyed by King Gia Long in 1803 and construction began in 1805, completed in 1832 under the reign of King Minh Mang. Relics in the citadel include: Also known as the Flagpole, located in the middle of the south side of Hue citadel within the scope of Nam Chanh fortress, which is also where the royal flag is hung. Ky Dai was built in the 6th year of Gia Long (1807), at the same time as the Hue citadel was built. 

During the reign of Minh Mang, Ky Dai was repaired in 1829, 1831 and 1840. Historically, Ky Dai was often the place to mark important events and changes in government institutions in Hue. In 1803, King Gia Long built Doc Hoc Duong in An Ninh Thuong area, Huong Tra district, about 5km west of Hue citadel, the school was located next to the Temple of Literature and facing the Perfume River. This is considered the first national school built under the Nguyen Dynasty. In 1908, during the reign of King Duy Tan, Quoc Tu Giam was moved inside the Citadel, outside, southeast of the Imperial Citadel (its current location). 

The palace was built in 1845 during the reign of King Thieu Tri with the name Long An Palace in Bao Dinh palace, Tay Loc ward (Hue) as the king's resting place after conducting the Tich Dien (field plowing) ceremony every early spring. This is also the place where King Thieu Tri often visited, rested, read books, wrote poetry and recited poems. At 3 Le Truc, Hue. The main building of the museum is Long An Palace, built in 1845 during the reign of King Thieu Tri. Currently, the museum displays more than 300 artifacts made of gold, porcelain, porcelain, Hue porcelain, royal physicians and costumes of the Nguyen royal family. Hue Museum of Royal Fine Arts helps visitors get an overview of Hue royal life. 

Phu Xuan Communal House was built in the first half of the 19th century in Phu Xuan canton, Huong Tra district, Thua Thien Hue province (now in Tay Loc ward, Hue city, 2km north of the city center). Tinh Tam Lake is a landscape relic created during the Nguyen Dynasty. Previously, the lake was originally a trace of the Kim Long river flowing through Hue. At the beginning of Gia Long's reign, the court renovated some river sections and channeled them in another direction to form Ngu Ha and Ky Te lake. Two floating beaches in this lake were used as places to build warehouses to store gunpowder and saltpeter. 

In the 3rd year of Minh Mang's reign (1822), the Nguyen Dynasty mobilized up to 8,000 soldiers to participate in renovating the lake. In 1838, King Minh Mang moved two warehouses to the east, reconstructed this place into a place for leisure and entertainment and called Tinh Tam Lake. During the reign of King Thieu Tri, this was considered one of the 20 beautiful landscapes of the Kinh Kinh land. The museum was built in 1825 on Hoc Hai lake in Hue citadel, used as a place to store old official documents of the Nguyen Dynasty's agencies and ministries. This can be considered a Vietnamese Museum under the Nguyen Dynasty, storing rare documents related to the royal court's activities and the country's changes. Just the number of directories from the Gia Long and Minh Mang periods stored here is up to 12,000 volumes. It can be said that the Archives are very important in containing important documents, directories, and papers at that time. It is the king's advisory body consisting of four great mandarins of the Third Rank or higher, who are Grand Scholars of the Dong Cac, Van Minh, Vo Hien and Can Chanh palaces. The institute was initially located at Ta Vu's house. 

After the capital fell in 1885, they had to move to the house of the Ministry of Rites, then the Ministry of Infantry, and finally to Giac Hoang Pagoda in the area with the Supervisory court (of the French) and the Office of the Ministry, so it was called Tam Toa. Currently, Tam Toa is located at 23 Tong Duy Tan, Thuan Thanh ward, in the Southeast corner of Hue citadel, currently the headquarters of the Hue Monuments Conservation Center. Nine cannons is the name of nine cannons cast by Hue artisans during the reign of King Gia Long. After defeating the Tay Son dynasty, when he ascended the throne, King Gia Long immediately asked contemporary artisans to gather all the trophies of war, including weapons and bronze objects, to cast 9 cannons as evidence of victory. his glory. Official casting began in 1803 and was completed in 1804. 

The Imperial Citadel is located inside the Imperial City, with the function of protecting the most important palaces of the royal court, Nguyen Dynasty ancestral shrines and protecting the Forbidden City - a place reserved for the king and royal family. The Imperial City and the Forbidden City are often referred to together as the Imperial City. Relics in the imperial citadel include: Ngo Mon is the southern main gate of Hue Imperial Citadel built in the 14th year of Minh Mang (1833). Ngo Mon literally means Midday Gate or Gate turning towards Ngo, is the largest gate of the four main gates of Hue Imperial Citadel. In terms of etymology, "Ngo Mon" means the gate facing Ngo, also the South, which according to Dichology is the direction for kings. 

Thai Hoa Palace is a palace located in the Citadel area of ​​Hue citadel. The palace, along with the adoration yard, is a place used for important court ceremonies such as the Coronation ceremony, the king's birthday, official receptions for envoys and grand meetings held twice a day. 1st and 15th lunar month. In feudalism, this palace was considered the center of the country. The palace was built in 1805 during the reign of King Gia Long. In 1833, when King Minh Mang re-planned the royal architectural system in the Citadel, including moving the palace to the south and making it more massive and splendid. 

Trieu To Temple, also known as Trieu Mieu, was built in the 3rd year of Gia Long (1804). This temple is located north of Thai Mieu in the Hue Imperial Citadel, and is a temple worshiping Nguyen Kim, the father of Lord Nguyen Hoang. Hung To Temple, also known as Hung Mieu, is a temple worshiping King Gia Long's parents (Mr. Nguyen Phuc Luan (or Nguyen Phuc Con) and Mrs. Nguyen Thi Hoan), located southwest of Hue Imperial Citadel (away from The Mieu about 50 meters north). The To Mieu, often called The Mieu, is located in the southwest corner of the Hue Imperial Citadel, where the Nguyen Dynasty kings are worshiped. This is where the royal court came to worship the deceased kings. Women in the court (including the queen) were not allowed to attend these ceremonies. Thai To Temple, also known as Thai Mieu, is a temple worshiping the Nguyen lords, from Nguyen Hoang to Nguyen Phuc Thuan. The temple was built in Gia Long 3 (1804) in the southeast corner of the Imperial Citadel, symmetrical with The To Temple in the southwest. 

Dien Tho Palace's original name was Truong Tho Palace, other names were Tu Tho, Gia Tho, Ninh Tho; Construction began in 1803 to serve as the living quarters of the Queen Mother of the Nguyen Dynasty. 

Truong Sanh Palace or Truong Sinh Palace (also known as Truong Ninh Palace), was built in the first year of Minh Mang (1821) in the northwest of the Imperial Citadel with its original role as a garden where kings lived. Nguyen invited his mother to visit the sights. Later, the palace was converted into a living quarters for a number of queen mothers and the queen mother. During its most brilliant period, the landscape architecture of Truong Sanh Palace was ranked by King Thieu Tri as the seventh most beautiful landscape of the capital. 

Hien Lam Cac was built in 1821 and completed in 1822 during the reign of King Minh Mang, located in the temple area of ​​Hue Imperial Citadel, 17m high and is the tallest structure in the Imperial Citadel. This is considered a monument to remember the achievements of the Nguyen kings and the great mandarins of the dynasty. The Nine Peaks of the Nguyen Dynasty are nine bronze tops placed in front of Hien Lam Cac, opposite The Mieu Temple, southwest of Hue. All were cast in Hue at the end of 1835, completed in early 1837. Each peak has a unique name corresponding to an emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty, they have different weights and the carvings on the outside of the peak are also different. each other. The 9 peaks are: Cao Dinh, Nhan Dinh, Chuong Dinh, Anh Dinh, Nghi Dinh, Thuan Dinh, Tuyen Dinh, Du Dinh, and Huyen Dinh. 

Phung Tien Palace is a palace located near Chuong Duc gate, in front of Dien Tho Palace, the west gate of the Imperial Citadel, built by King Gia Long and King Minh Mang to worship the Nguyen Dynasty kings. Unlike The Mieu, this palace also worships the kings and queens of the Nguyen Dynasty, but women in the court are allowed to come here to worship. In addition, it is also a place to store many treasures of many Nguyen kings. In February 1947, the entire palace was burned down, now only the Tam Quan gate and the citadel wall remain relatively intact. 

The Forbidden City, originally called Cung Thanh, is the third wall of the Imperial City of Hue, limiting the working, living and living areas of the king and royal family. Relics in the Forbidden City include: Ta Vu and Huu Vu were built in the early 19th century, and renovated in 1899. Ta Vu is a building for civil servants, while Huu Vu is a building for scholars. martial arts; This is where mandarins prepare ceremonies before holding court, where the secret council works, and where poetry and banquets are held. In the ancient capital of Hue, 15 bronze cauldrons are still preserved and displayed, which are works of art demonstrating excellent casting techniques and fine arts. Among them, 11 were cast during the reign of the Nguyen lords, while 4 were cast during the Minh Mang period. 

Kien Trung Palace in the Forbidden City (Hue) was built by King Khai Dinh in 1921-1923 at the same time as the mausoleum to serve as the king's living space in the royal palace. Later, King Bao Dai repaired the palace, renovated the Western amenities and moved here with Queen Nam Phuong. 

Can Chanh Palace in the Forbidden City (Hue), built in the 3rd year of Gia Long's reign (1804), was later renovated many times. The palace is where the king held court, often received diplomatic embassies, and held royal and royal banquets of the Nguyen Dynasty. It has now become ruins due to destruction since 1947. Thai Binh Lau was built by King Khai Dinh. It was built in 1919 and completed in 1921. It is a place for the king to rest in his free time, and also a place for the king to read books, write poetry, and relax. 

Duyet Thi Duong was built in the 7th year of Minh Mang (1826) inside the Forbidden City, as a theater for kings, princes, and mandarins to watch opera performances. This is considered the oldest theater in the Vietnamese theater industry. Since 2004, Duyet Thi Duong has been restored by the Hue Monuments Museum Center and put into operation to perform Hue royal court music to serve tourists. 

Gia Long Tomb, also known as Thien Tho Lang, began construction in 1814 and was completed in 1820. The mausoleum is actually a complex of many mausoleums within the royal family. This entire mausoleum area is a mountain complex with 42 large and small hills and mountains, of which Dai Thien Tho is the largest mountain chosen as the forecourt of the mausoleum and is the name of this entire mountain complex. Minh Mang Tomb, also known as Hieu Tomb, was built by King Thieu Tri from 1840 to 1843 to bury King Minh Mang's father. The mausoleum is located on Cam Khe mountain, near the Bang Lang junction, where the Huu Trach and Ta Trach streams converge to form the Perfume River, 12 km from the ancient capital of Hue. Thieu Tri Tomb, also known as Xuong Lang, is located in Cu Chanh village, Thuy Bang commune, Hue city. It was built by King Tu Duc in 1847 to bury his father King Thieu Tri. is the burial place of Emperor Thieu Tri. Compared to the mausoleums of previous and successor kings, Thieu Tri mausoleum has its own unique features. This is the only mausoleum facing Northwest, a direction rarely used in the architecture of palaces and mausoleums during the Nguyen Dynasty. 

Tu Duc Tomb was built by King Tu Duc himself while he was still in power. It is a complex of architectural works, including the burial place of King Tu Duc, located in a narrow valley in Duong Xuan Thuong village, Cu Chanh district. (old), now Thuong Ba village, Thuy Xuan ward, Hue city. When it was first built, the mausoleum was called Van Nien Co. After the Chay Voi rebellion, Tu Duc changed the name to Khiem Cung. After Tu Duc passed away, the mausoleum was renamed Khiem Lang. The mausoleum has elaborate architecture, charming landscape and is one of the most beautiful mausoleums of Nguyen Dynasty kings. 

Dong Khanh Tomb, also known as Tu Lang, is located in the middle of a countryside in Cu Si village, Duong Xuan commune in the past (now Thuong Hai village, Thuy Xuan ward, Hue city). Formerly the Truy Tu Palace, it was built by King Dong Khanh to worship his father, Kien Thai Vuong. When Dong Khanh got sick and suddenly passed away. King Thanh Thai (1889-1907) succeeded in the context of the country facing many difficulties and economic decline, so he could not build a regular mausoleum for his predecessor, so he had to take the Truy Tu Palace and change it to Ngung Hy to worship the king. Dong Khanh. 

Duc Duc Mausoleum, named An Lang, is located in Tay Nhat hamlet, An Cuu village, formerly in Huong Thuy district, now in An Cuu ward, Hue city, less than 2 km from the city center; is the burial place of 3 Nguyen Dynasty kings: Duc Duc, Thanh Thai and Duy Tan. Duc Duc ascended the throne in 1883, but after 3 days he was deposed and died. Later, his son King Thanh Thai (who ascended the throne in 1889) built a mausoleum to worship his father and named it An Lang. In 1954, when King Thanh Thai died, his body was buried at the current location in the An Lang area and worshiped at Long An temple. In 1987, King Duy Tan's remains were brought back to be buried next to Thanh Thai mausoleum. 

Khai Dinh Tomb, also known as Ung Lang, is located on the slopes of Chau Chu mountain (also known as Chau E) outside Hue citadel and is the tomb of King Khai Dinh, the 12th king of the Nguyen Dynasty. The mausoleum was built in 1920 right after Khai Dinh ascended the throne. Regarding the architecture of Khai Dinh mausoleum, later generations often set it apart from the traditional architecture of the Nguyen Dynasty because of the unusual blend of East-West and Ancient Metal architecture, with unique ceramic mosaic artworks. 

Tran Binh radio station is located in the Northeast of Hue citadel outside Tran Binh gate, built in the 4th year of Gia Long (1805), initially called Thai Binh radio station, then changed to Tran Binh in the 13th year of Minh Mang (1832). The station, people call it Mang Ca station. This is the 25th fortress of Hue Citadel, a sub-citadel of the Citadel, only a common moat away from the main citadel. Phu Van Lau is located on the main axis of the Hue Imperial Citadel in front of the Ky Dai, built in 1819 under the reign of King Gia Long, used as a place to post important edicts of the king and the court, or the results of periodic events. competition organized by the royal court. In 1829, King Minh Mang used this place as a venue for a fight between elephants and tigers. In 1830, he organized a three-day party to celebrate his birthday. 

Thuong Bac Palace is located on the southern bank of the Perfume River, outside Thuong Tu gate, built by King Tu Duc in 1936, at the current location, about 100m from the old Thuong Bac Vien location to remember the Thuong Bac Vien relic. This is the headquarters to welcome foreign envoys. This project was built with new materials such as cement, iron and steel; The base is octagonal in shape, the roof is divided into 2 floors and roofed with lapis lazuli tiles, the structure is elegant and in harmony with the surrounding landscape. The Temple of Literature, also known as the Temple of Literature, is a place to worship Confucius and erect doctoral stele. The temple was officially built in 1808 under the reign of King Gia Long and has a majestic and majestic scale, located on the banks of the Perfume River, in An Binh village, An Ninh village, west of Hue Citadel. 

Construction of the Vo Mieu or Vo Thanh Temple in Hue began in September of the year At Mui (1835) under Minh Mang's reign in An Ninh village, Huong Tra district, on the left side of the Temple of Literature, in front of the Perfume River. This is a place to worship and register famous Vietnamese generals, doctors who passed the three martial arts examinations under the Nguyen Dynasty, and is also a place to worship a number of famous Chinese generals. 

The Nguyen Dynasty Nam Giao Platform was built in 1803, located in An Ninh village, during the reign of King Gia Long. In 1806, the piano was moved south of the Hue citadel, on a large hill in Duong Xuan village, now in Truong An ward, Hue city. This is where the Nguyen kings sacrificed to heaven. The altar is an altar built in the 21st year of Minh Mang's reign (1840) in Hue. This is the place to worship all the mountain and river gods of ancient Thua Thien, and is the only remaining mountain and river god altar in Vietnam. 

Ho Quyen, also read as Ho Khuyen, is located in Truong Da village, Thuy Bieu ward, Hue city; Built in the 11th year of Minh Mang (1830), it is a tiger cage and a unique arena. During the Nguyen Dynasty, this was the arena for death fights between elephants and tigers to sacrifice gods during festivals and serve the entertainment needs of the king, mandarins and people. Voi Re Palace is located about 5 km southwest of Hue city center, about 400m from Ho Quyen, in Truong Da village, Thuy Bieu commune, Hue city. Legend has it that during the Trinh - Nguyen war, local people held a burial ceremony and built a tomb for an elephant of a brave general who died in battle, called Voi Re's tomb. After ascending the throne, King Gia Long built next to the elephant's grave a temple called Long Chau Temple to worship the protective gods and the four bravest elephants in the battles of the Nguyen Dynasty. . From such legends and historical events, people used to call this temple Voi Re Palace.

Hon Chen Palace is located on Ngoc Tran mountain, in Ngoc Ho village, Huong Ho ward, Hue city. Ngoc Tran Mountain was originally called Huong Uyen Son, but later it was renamed Ngoc Tran (meaning jade cup). People still call it Hon Chen because it is neat and round like an upside-down cup. That's why people often call the Holy Mother shrine located halfway up the mountain Hon Chen shrine. Hon Chen Palace is where in the past, the Cham people worshiped the goddess PoNagar, then the Vietnamese people who followed the Thien Tien Thanh Church continued to worship her under the title of Holy Mother Thien Y A Na. 

Thien Mu Pagoda is a pagoda located on Ha Khe hill, on the left bank of the Perfume River, about 5 km west of Hue city center. Thien Mu Pagoda was officially established in the year Tan Suu (1601), during the reign of Lord Nguyen Hoang, the first Nguyen lord in Dang Trong. This can be said to be the oldest pagoda in Hue. 

Tran Hai Thanh (Sea Guard Citadel) is a citadel used to protect the Nguyen Dynasty capital built at the Eastern gate of Hue citadel, 10 km away by river and 13 km by road. This estuary is called Hai Mon - or Cua Eo (Cua Lap). In 1813, Gia Long built Tran Hai Dai and renamed Cua Eo to Cua Thuan An. In 1834, King Minh Mang changed the name of Tran Hai Dai to Tran Hai Citadel. 

Nghenh Luong Dinh or Nghenh Luong Ta is a construction located on the vertical axis from Ky Dai to Phu Van Lau, built during the reign of King Tu Duc the 5th (1852), used as a resting place for the king before going down to the wharf. river to board a dragon boat or as a place to cool off. 

An Dinh Palace is located on the banks of An Cuu River, formerly in De Bat Ward - Hue Town, now at 97 Phan Dinh Phung Street, Hue City, the private palace of King Khai Dinh from the time he was crown prince until his death. became king, later inherited by Vinh Thuy and lived here after abdicating.

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